Constructivism was an art movement that began in Russia and focused on art as a tool for social change. Artists used geometric shapes, bold structures, and industrial materials to reflect modern society. The movement aimed to create functional art that served a purpose rather than just decoration.

Bauhaus was a German design school that combined art, craft, and technology into one approach. It focused on simple, functional design with clean lines and geometric forms. The movement influenced architecture, product design, and graphic design worldwide.

Art Deco was a glamorous and decorative style known for luxury and elegance. It used bold geometric shapes, rich colours, and symmetrical designs. The movement influenced buildings, fashion, posters, and interior design during the early 20th century.

Swiss Style, also called the International Typographic Style, focused on clarity and order in design. It used grid systems, clean layouts, and sans-serif typography like Helvetica. The goal was to make communication clear, simple, and highly readable.

Pop Art was inspired by advertising, comics, and mass media culture. It used bright colours, bold imagery, and everyday objects as subject matter. The movement challenged traditional ideas of fine art by blending popular culture with high art.